Agriculture and Industrial Revolution

• In the 1600's England had Subsistance Farming.
• Farming of which you grow only what your family needs.
• They only grow enough to feed their family for a year.
• The Enclosure Movement was a movement when they started fencing all of the Common Grounds off
• Common Ground- land owned by everyone
• People who were farming on the smaller grounds became Tennant farmers.
• If the couldnt become a Tennant farmer they were forced to move.
• A Gentlemen named Jethro Toll was concered about the amount of seed that was wasted by hand seeding.
• He invented the Seed Drill.
• They were planted in straight rows.
• Crop Rotation- you rotate your crops in the land you plant them in.
• They went from a wooden plow to a metal plow.
• They also created a replaceable plow so they didnt have to get a new plow they just had to change the blade.
• Cities had a larger population because people moved there looking for work.
•  Coal and Iron Ore were the two most popular natural resources in Great Britian at the time
• Natural Resources, land, and workers were the factors of production.
• River and water were inportant to Great Britian because they were used for food, transportation, and energy.
• Flooding and droughts were two disadvantages.
• Textile Industry- clothing
• People are making clothes by hand.
• They created a machine that could make making clothes easier.
• The steam engine is invented.
• Factories, boats, and locomotives are created.

Sir Thomas More

Sir Thomas More  February 1478 – 6 July 1535), also known by Catholics as Saint Thomas More, was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He was an important councilor to Henry VIII of England and, for three years toward the end of his life, Lord Chancellor. He is recognized as a saint within the Catholic Church and is commemorated by the Church of England as a "Reformation martyr". He was an opponent of the Protestant Reformation and in particular of Martin Luther and William Tyndale.

Thomas More wrote the book Utopia published in 1516. He opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church and refused to accept the King as Supreme Head of the Church of England, a title which had been given by parliament through the Act of Supremacy of 1534. He was imprisoned in 1534 for his refusal to take the oath required by the First Succession Act, because the act disparaged papal power and Henry’s marriage to Catherine of Aragon. In 1535, he was tried for treason.


In 1504 he was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth and in 1510 to represent London.From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London. More became Master of Requests in 1514, the same year in which he was appointed as a Councilor, a member of His Majesty's Most Honorable Council. After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential in the government, welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and his Lord Chancellor: Thomas Wolsey, the Cardinal Archbishop of York.

In 1523 he was elected as knight of the shire, and  was elected the Speaker of the House of Commons.
Between 1512 and 1519, Thomas More worked on a History of King Richard III, which was never finished, but which greatly influenced William Shakespeare's play Richard III. Both More's and Shakespeare's works are controversial to contemporary historians for their unflattering portrait of King Richard III.


Aretmisia Gentileschi
She was praised and distained
She was the most important woman painter
Painted pictures of strong women and a self portrait


Martin Luther
He became a monk
He wrote the 95 theses


Prince Henry of Portugal
He was the third child of King John
He established a center of navigation and exploration


Miguel de Cervantes
Born in 1547
Died in 1616
Wrote the book Don Quixote


Louise Labe
She wrote 24 sonnets
She died in 1566
She was an author who encouraged women to write books


Filippo Brunelleschi
Designed and built a dome for the Florence Cathedral


Ambrose Pare
He was a French surgeon
He was a leader in battlefield medicine
He publish a book
He was the first to use bandages and design bandages


Pieter Brueghel
Painted the pesant dance a painting that relies on detail and realism

William Shakespear
He wrote the book Romeo and Juliet

Nicolas Copernicus
He published the theory that the earth was not the center of the universe

Andreas Vesalius
Gublished detailed descriptions of the human anatomy

Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was his full name. He was Italian painter, sculptor, archetect, poem, and engineer. He was considered one of the greatest living painters of all time. One of his greatest acheivements was his painting of the Sistine Chapel's ceiling. He is the first western artist who biography was published before he died. Born on March 6, 1475, in Caprese Tuscany, he was born into a family of bankers. Soon, the bank went bank bankrupt when his dad couldn't maintain the financial status. Soon, he decided to continue his career and be an artist. However rich I may have been, I have alwalys lived like a poor man.

Robert Hooke
Born in July 1635
Buuilt Greagorean telescopes
English philospher
help built london after the fire
Built the compound microscope

Nioccolo Nachiavelli
He lived his life for politicts
He wrote the book Prince

John Calvin
Born on July 10, 1509
He created Calvinism
Genovia became the center

Christopher Columbus
He was a italian navigator'
He traveled to the carribiean

Galilieo Galilei
Born in 1654 is Tuscany
Well know musician
Made a telescope with 32X magnification
He found Jupiters four moons
He was the first to record sun spots

Johannes Gutenberg
He was a german blacksmith and goldsmith
He introduced printed in Europe
He invinted movable printing press
Born in 1398

Leonardo da Vinci
He painted the Last Supper
He scetched tanks and cars

When Anne of Cleves was married to Henry, Kathryn Howard was his lady in waiting. She had actually been the maid of honor in their wedding. Henry and Kathryn were secretly married on July 28, 1540 while she was engaged to her cousin. Henry was 49 and she was 19. She lifted Henry's spirits and he gained a lot of weight. Less than a year into their marriage, the rumors of her infidelity began. She was executed on the Tower Green on February 13.

1. Catholic chruch had lost sight of a spiritual mission.
2. The popes did not set an example of moral leadership.
3. The priest engaged in misconduct.
4. The church became interested in income not saving souls.
5. There is no central government in Germany.
6. Tetzel began selling indulgences.
Martin Luther - Monk - believed in the Justification by faith.
He writes the 95 thesis. Takes the documents and nails them to the church do in Wittenburg. Martin Luther is banned from the Catholic Church.
7. Luther was summed to appear in front of the imperial diet.
8.Luther is commended to abandon his ideas.
9. Luther is banished from the empire his worms are banned.
10. Luther translates the Bible into German.
11. Luthers works and ideas continue to spread.
12. Luther stablishes the 1st prominent church.
13. The 1st denomination was Lutheranism.
Indulgence - buying forgiveness.
1. You have to pay.
2. If future sense, you buy in advance.
3. You pay for someone else to go to Heaven.

Giovanni Bellini

I was born in Venice. I was brought up in my father's house, and always lived and worked in the closest fraternal relation with my brother Gentile. Up until the age of nearly thirty I had a depth of religious feeling and human pathos which is my own. My paintings from the early period are all executed in the old tempera method; the scene is softened by a new and beautiful effect of romantic sunrise color.

In a somewhat changed and more personal manner, with less harshness of contour and a broader treatment of forms and draperies, but not less force of religious feeling, are the Dead Christ pictures, in these days one of the master's most frequent themes. My early works have often been linked both compositionally and stylistically to those of my brother-in-law, Andrea Mantegna.

          In 1470 I received my first appointment to work along with my brother and other artists in the Scuola di San Marco, where among other subjects I was commissioned to paint a Deluge with Noah's Ark. None of the master's works of this kind, whether painted for the various schools or confraternities or for the ducal palace, have survived.

          As is the case with a number of my brother, Gentile's public works of the period, many of my great public works are now lost. The still more famous altar-piece painted in tempera for a chapel in the church of S. Giovanni e Paolo, where it perished along with Titian's Peter Martyr and Tintoretto's Crucifixion in the disastrous fire of 1867.

Chapter 14 Notes

• The Black Death swept through Europe in 1347, which was a terrible plague.
• Plague began in Asia and spread along busy trade routes.
• It entered ports by way of trading ships, black rats on the ship carried the disease.
• Plague spread to people by bites from fleas on the rats.
• Deaths happened rapidly. Some entire villages and towns were wiped out.
• About 25 million people died in Europe from 1347-1351 (1/3 of population).
• Caused changes - faith in God shaken, workers demand higher wages, peasants staged uprisings.

• Geoffrey Chaucer - a midieval writer. Had great influences on literary styles and approaches.
• Chauncer born in England about 1340. Fought in France for about 10 years, served as diplomat thoughtout western Europe.
• The Canterbury Tales - one of most famous works, stories told from pilgrims
• Wrote in dialect known as Middle English. Later writers followed his example.
• vernacular languages - everyday speech that varied from place to place, spoken by people with little education.
• troubadours - traveling singers who wrote poems about love and chivilary.
• Dante Alighieri - a great medieval writer
• scholasticism - attempt to bring together faith and reason
• Peter Abelard - important philosopher of scholasticism
• Thomas Aquinas - monk of Dominican order
• gothic - a style of church architecture

Hundred Year's War

• Hundred Year's War - series of conflicts between England & France
• 1328 - last male member of France's Capetian dynasty died
• Edward III claimed French throne
• 1337 - Edward brought an army to Flanders hoping to gain control of rich trading area
• Wars continued for 116 years as a series of raids and battles
• England won many battles but lost war
• 1453 - France controlled all of England's French lands except Calais.
• 1415 - Battle of Agincourt
• late 1300s - king needed Parliament's consent on all special taxes.

Black History Month Bellringers

Sojourner Truth

-She was born into slavery in 1797.

-In 1827, Truth fled Dumont's farm and became a runaway.

-In 1843, inspired by preacher William Miller's prediction of the imminent second coming of Christ, she remained herself Sojourner Truth.

-Her original name was Isabella.

-She died on November 26th, 1883.

Oprah Winfrey

-She was born on January 29, 1954.

-At age 17, Oprah Winfrey won the Miss Black Tennessee beauty pageant and was offered an on-air job at WVOL, a radio station serving the African American community in Nashville.

-She moved to Baltimore's WJZ-TV in 1976 to co-anchor the six o'clock news.

-The last show of the Oprah Winfrey Show aired on May 25, 2011.

-In 1985, she co-starred in Steven Spielberg's The Color Purple as a distraught housewife.

 Langston Hughes

-Langston Hughes was a writer.

-He was born on February 1, 1901.

-He enrolled at Columbia University.

-He graduated from Lincoln University in 1929.

-Hughes received many different awards.

Booker T. Washington

 -Booker T. Washington was born into slavery in 1856, on April 5.

-His mother married a slave, and they fled to West Virginia. 

-In 1872, he set out for Hampton Institute.He graduated in 1876 and taught at rural schools for two years. 

- In 1879, he was invited to teach at Hampton Institute.

Muhammad Ali

-He had Parkinson's syndrome.
-He was born in 1942 as Cassius Marcellus Clay.
-He used the "float like a butterfly, sting like a bee" method of fighting.

Harriet Tubman

-She was born into slavery around 1820.
-She was a spy, nurse, feminist, and social reformer.
-She was one of the leaders in the Underground Railroad.

Tiger Woods
-He is a professional golfer.
-He won two golf titles.
-He was youngest player to ever win the Masters.
-At 8, he won the first of six Optimist International Junior World Titles.
-He finished in the top 10 five times out of  his first 8 Professional Golf Association

Dred Scott
-He was born a slave.
-He waged one of the most important legal battles in the history of the US.
-He was sold to a surgeon.
-On May 28, 1857 he owner freed him.
-His bid for freedom remained the most momentous judicial event of the century.
Elijah McCoy
-He helped trains and all things with engines move more smoothly and safely.
-He was born in Ontario, Canada.
-He attended grammar school until he was 15.
-The only job he could get was a fireman.
-Elijah never stopped inventing.

Louis Armstrong

-Louis Armstrong was born in New Orleans, Louisiana July 4, 1900 (which is questionable)

-He became a Jazz musician and entertainer.

-He had many wives: Daisy Parker, Lilian Hardin, Alpha Smith, and Lucille Wilson.

-In 1947, Glaser put Armstrong in a group of jazz all-stars, playing a semblance of the old New Orleans style.

-He died in 1971.

Jesse Owens

-Jesse Owens was a famous track star.

-He was born on September 12, 1913.

-He ran in the 1936 Olympic Games.

-He opened a public relations firm.

-He won many gold medals in the Olympics.

Michael Jordon

-Michael Jordon was a businessessman and a basketball player.

-He was born February 17, 1963.

-In 1991, '92, and '93 he led the Bulls to and NBA championships.

-In '98 he led the Bulls to their sixth NBA title.

-Michael Jordon has three children

Clarence Thomas
-Hid first years of life he lived in a little shack.
-In 1964, he was withdrawal from the all black school and sent to an all white one.
-In 1979 he moved to Washington, DC.
Colin Powell
-He was secretary of the state.
-He was born in Harlem, New York.
-He was in the war, and was sent to Vietnam.

Benjamin Banneker
-He was the son of two slaves.
-He taught himself astronomy.
-In 1980 they began making a stamp to commerate his life.

Lena Horne
-She was an actress born in Brooklyn, New York.
-She married a minor politician Louis Jones.
-She has a biography, In Person: Lena Horne.
Hank Aaron
-He was born in 1934 in Mobile, Alabama.
-At an early age, he wanted to play professional baseball.
-When he was young, baseball began to integrate with the playing of Jackie Robinson..